Online peer observation in Paragraph Writing Class: A study during covid pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/tefl.v4i1.1404Keywords:
Online learning, Peer observation, Professional developmentAbstract
This study aims to examine the methods employed by lecturers in teaching a Paragraph Writing class during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also investigates their perceptions of online peer observation as a tool for professional development. Peer observation serves as a professional development tool that enhances the learning process and improves teaching practices. Using a qualitative design, the study involved two lecturers who were observed by a senior faculty member across four online sessions. Data were gathered through pre-observation meetings, classroom observations, post-observation discussions, and semi-structured interviews. Post observation discussions and feedback sessions between the observer and lecturers fostered critical thinking, idea exchange, heightened awareness of teaching performance, and collaborative efforts to achieve better student outcomes. The findings indicate that (1) lecturers should advance their pedagogical methodologies, with a particular emphasis on learning strategies and information technology competencies, (2) peer observation is perceived as a valuable collaborative learning activity that improves teaching practices through feedback, skill acquisition, and mutual collaboration, and (3) challenges such as device issues, internet connectivity, and student engagement were encountered during the online teaching. The study concludes that online peer observation contributed meaningfully to professional growth by facilitating feedback, reflective practice, and collaboration.
References
Ahmed, E., Nordin, Z. S., Shah, S. R., & Channa, M. A. (2018). Peer observation: A professional learning tool for English language teachers in an EFL institute. World Journal of Education, 8(2), 73-87. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v8n2p73
Alsahil, A. (2025). Exploring students' perceptions and affordances of Google Docs-supported collaborative writing. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 19(1), 64-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2024.2326030
Alsmari, N. A. (2019). Fostering EFL students’ paragraph writing using Edmodo. English Language Teaching, 12(10), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n10p44
Andrew, L., Wallace, R., & Sambell, R. (2021). A peer-observation initiative to enhance student engagement in the synchronous virtual classroom: A case study of a COVID-19 mandated move to online learning. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.53761/1.18.4.14
Burns, A., & Siegel, J. (Eds.). (2018). International perspectives on teaching the four skills in ELT: Listening, speaking, reading, writing. Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/
Cholifah, A. N., Asib, A., & Suparno, S. (2020). Investigating teacher’s perceptions of reflective peer observation to promote professional development. JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 5(1), 89–93. https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v5i1.382
Corcelles-Seuba, M., Sala-Bars, I., Soler, M., & Duran, D. (2024). Impact of reciprocal peer observation on teacher collaboration perceptions. British Educational Research Journal, 50(3), 981-1001. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3958
Creemers, B., Kyriakides, L., & Antoniou, P. (2013). Teacher professional development for improving quality of teaching (1st ed.). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5207-8
CTSI. (2017). Peer observation of teaching: Effective practices. CTSI University of Toronto. Retrieved from https://teaching.utoronto.ca/
Cutri, R. M., Mena, J., & Whiting, E. F. (2020). Faculty readiness for online crisis teaching: transitioning to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 523–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1815702
Dos Santos, L. M. (2016). Foreign language teachers' professional development through peer observation programme. English Language Teaching, 9(10), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n10p39
Drew, S., Phelan, L., Lindsay, K., Carbone, A., Ross, B., Wood, K., Stoney, S., & Cottman, C. (2017). Formative observation of teaching: Focusing peer assistance on teachers' developmental goals. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 42(6), 914-929. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2016.1209733
Eko, A., Atmojo, P., & Nugroho, A. (2020). EFL classes must go online: Teaching activities and challenges during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Research and Evaluation in Education, 13(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v13i1.49-76
Hidayati, K. H. (2018). Teaching writing to EFL learners: An investigation of challenges confronted by Indonesia teachers. Journal of The Association for Arabic and English, 4(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.31332/lkw.v4i1.772
Jaffe, M., Kelly, E., Williams, A., Beroiza, A., DiGiacomo, M., & Kafle, M. (2024). Collaboration and "Potential space": Creative play in the writing alliance. Teaching in Higher Education, 29(2), 404-419. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1989581
Jamil, N. L., Muniroh, S., & Karmina, S. (2024). Exploring ICT professional development of experienced female EFL teachers. Technology in Language Teaching & Learning, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.29140/tltl.v6n1.1231
Jones, M. H., & Gallen, A. (2016). Peer observation, feedback and reflection for development of practice in synchronous online teaching. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 53(6), 616-626. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2015.1025808
Mather, B. R., & Visone, J. D. (2024). Peer observation to improve teacher self-efficacy. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 14(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.5590/JERAP.2024.14.1.01
Motallebzadeh, K., Hosseinnia, M., & Domskey, J. G. H. (2020). Peer observation: A key factor to improve Iranian EFL teachers’ professional development. Cogent Education, 4(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2016.1277456
Nasihah, M., & Senta, A. N. (2022). Revealing the challenges and practical ways in teaching writing online. Journal of English for Academic and Specific Purposes (JEASP), 5(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.18860/jeasp.v5i1.16581
Nation, I. S. P. (2009). Teaching ESL/EFL reading and writing. Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203891643
Orgoványi-Gajdos, J. (2016). Teachers’ professional development on problem solving: Theory and practice for teachers and teacher educators (1st ed. 2016.). SensePublishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-711-5
Padilla, L. (2021). English teachers' challenges in teaching online during new normal in MAN Kaur Regency (Doctoral dissertation, UIN Fatmawati Sukarno). Retrieved from http://repository.iainbengkulu.ac.id/id/eprint/7032
Palacios-Hidalgo, F., & Huertas-Abril, C. (2025). Developing Digital Literacy in Initial EFL Teacher Education: A Study in a Spanish Distance University. Open Learning, 40(1), 50-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2022.2157709
Pham, V. P. H. (2023). The Impacts of collaborative writing on individual writing skills. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 52(4), 1221-1236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-023-09939-2
Rashid, H., & Hui, W. (2022). Analyse the issues and challenges in teaching writing among English teachers. The International Journal of Applied Language Studies and Culture, 4(2), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.34301/alsc.v4i2.34
Ribosa, J., Corcelles-Seuba, M., Morodo, A., & Duran, D. (2024). Reducing teachers' resistance to reciprocal peer observation. European Journal of Education, 59(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12606
Richards, J. C., & Farrell, T. S. C. (2005). Professional development for language teachers: Strategies for teaching learning. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667237
Ridge, B. L., & Lavigne, A. L. (2020). Improving instructional practice through peer observation and feedback. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 28(61). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.5023
Tosriadi, T., Asib, A., Marmanto, S., & Arifatul Azizah, U. (2018). Peer observation as a means to develop teachers’ professionalism. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 5(3), 151. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i3.140
Walker, R. (2015). Peer observation for online distance learning tutors: Creating the conditions for effective peer exchange. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 18(1), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1515/eurodl-2015-0003
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in TEFL Journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the TEFL Journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the work for any purpose, even commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in TEFL Journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in TEFL Journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).