Online peer observation in Paragraph Writing Class: A study during covid pandemic

Authors

  • Fadilah Habibul Hasna Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Sitti Fatimah Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Senorica Yulia Sari Universitas Negeri Padang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12928/tefl.v4i1.1404

Keywords:

Online learning, Peer observation, Professional development

Abstract

This study aims to examine the methods employed by lecturers in teaching a Paragraph Writing class during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also investigates their perceptions of online peer observation as a tool for professional development. Peer observation serves as a professional development tool that enhances the learning process and improves teaching practices. Using a qualitative design, the study involved two lecturers who were observed by a senior faculty member across four online sessions. Data were gathered through pre-observation meetings, classroom observations, post-observation discussions, and semi-structured interviews. Post observation discussions and feedback sessions between the observer and lecturers fostered critical thinking, idea exchange, heightened awareness of teaching performance, and collaborative efforts to achieve better student outcomes. The findings indicate that (1) lecturers should advance their pedagogical methodologies, with a particular emphasis on learning strategies and information technology competencies, (2) peer observation is perceived as a valuable collaborative learning activity that improves teaching practices through feedback, skill acquisition, and mutual collaboration, and (3) challenges such as device issues, internet connectivity, and student engagement were encountered during the online teaching. The study concludes that online peer observation contributed meaningfully to professional growth by facilitating feedback, reflective practice, and collaboration.

References

Ahmed, E., Nordin, Z. S., Shah, S. R., & Channa, M. A. (2018). Peer observation: A professional learning tool for English language teachers in an EFL institute. World Journal of Education, 8(2), 73-87. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v8n2p73

Alsahil, A. (2025). Exploring students' perceptions and affordances of Google Docs-supported collaborative writing. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 19(1), 64-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2024.2326030

Alsmari, N. A. (2019). Fostering EFL students’ paragraph writing using Edmodo. English Language Teaching, 12(10), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n10p44

Andrew, L., Wallace, R., & Sambell, R. (2021). A peer-observation initiative to enhance student engagement in the synchronous virtual classroom: A case study of a COVID-19 mandated move to online learning. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.53761/1.18.4.14

Burns, A., & Siegel, J. (Eds.). (2018). International perspectives on teaching the four skills in ELT: Listening, speaking, reading, writing. Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/

Cholifah, A. N., Asib, A., & Suparno, S. (2020). Investigating teacher’s perceptions of reflective peer observation to promote professional development. JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 5(1), 89–93. https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v5i1.382

Corcelles-Seuba, M., Sala-Bars, I., Soler, M., & Duran, D. (2024). Impact of reciprocal peer observation on teacher collaboration perceptions. British Educational Research Journal, 50(3), 981-1001. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3958

Creemers, B., Kyriakides, L., & Antoniou, P. (2013). Teacher professional development for improving quality of teaching (1st ed.). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5207-8

CTSI. (2017). Peer observation of teaching: Effective practices. CTSI University of Toronto. Retrieved from https://teaching.utoronto.ca/

Cutri, R. M., Mena, J., & Whiting, E. F. (2020). Faculty readiness for online crisis teaching: transitioning to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 523–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1815702

Dos Santos, L. M. (2016). Foreign language teachers' professional development through peer observation programme. English Language Teaching, 9(10), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n10p39

Drew, S., Phelan, L., Lindsay, K., Carbone, A., Ross, B., Wood, K., Stoney, S., & Cottman, C. (2017). Formative observation of teaching: Focusing peer assistance on teachers' developmental goals. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 42(6), 914-929. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2016.1209733

Eko, A., Atmojo, P., & Nugroho, A. (2020). EFL classes must go online: Teaching activities and challenges during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Research and Evaluation in Education, 13(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v13i1.49-76

Hidayati, K. H. (2018). Teaching writing to EFL learners: An investigation of challenges confronted by Indonesia teachers. Journal of The Association for Arabic and English, 4(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.31332/lkw.v4i1.772

Jaffe, M., Kelly, E., Williams, A., Beroiza, A., DiGiacomo, M., & Kafle, M. (2024). Collaboration and "Potential space": Creative play in the writing alliance. Teaching in Higher Education, 29(2), 404-419. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1989581

Jamil, N. L., Muniroh, S., & Karmina, S. (2024). Exploring ICT professional development of experienced female EFL teachers. Technology in Language Teaching & Learning, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.29140/tltl.v6n1.1231

Jones, M. H., & Gallen, A. (2016). Peer observation, feedback and reflection for development of practice in synchronous online teaching. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 53(6), 616-626. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2015.1025808

Mather, B. R., & Visone, J. D. (2024). Peer observation to improve teacher self-efficacy. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 14(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.5590/JERAP.2024.14.1.01

Motallebzadeh, K., Hosseinnia, M., & Domskey, J. G. H. (2020). Peer observation: A key factor to improve Iranian EFL teachers’ professional development. Cogent Education, 4(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2016.1277456

Nasihah, M., & Senta, A. N. (2022). Revealing the challenges and practical ways in teaching writing online. Journal of English for Academic and Specific Purposes (JEASP), 5(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.18860/jeasp.v5i1.16581

Nation, I. S. P. (2009). Teaching ESL/EFL reading and writing. Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203891643

Orgoványi-Gajdos, J. (2016). Teachers’ professional development on problem solving: Theory and practice for teachers and teacher educators (1st ed. 2016.). SensePublishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-711-5

Padilla, L. (2021). English teachers' challenges in teaching online during new normal in MAN Kaur Regency (Doctoral dissertation, UIN Fatmawati Sukarno). Retrieved from http://repository.iainbengkulu.ac.id/id/eprint/7032

Palacios-Hidalgo, F., & Huertas-Abril, C. (2025). Developing Digital Literacy in Initial EFL Teacher Education: A Study in a Spanish Distance University. Open Learning, 40(1), 50-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2022.2157709

Pham, V. P. H. (2023). The Impacts of collaborative writing on individual writing skills. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 52(4), 1221-1236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-023-09939-2

Rashid, H., & Hui, W. (2022). Analyse the issues and challenges in teaching writing among English teachers. The International Journal of Applied Language Studies and Culture, 4(2), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.34301/alsc.v4i2.34

Ribosa, J., Corcelles-Seuba, M., Morodo, A., & Duran, D. (2024). Reducing teachers' resistance to reciprocal peer observation. European Journal of Education, 59(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12606

Richards, J. C., & Farrell, T. S. C. (2005). Professional development for language teachers: Strategies for teaching learning. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667237

Ridge, B. L., & Lavigne, A. L. (2020). Improving instructional practice through peer observation and feedback. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 28(61). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.5023

Tosriadi, T., Asib, A., Marmanto, S., & Arifatul Azizah, U. (2018). Peer observation as a means to develop teachers’ professionalism. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 5(3), 151. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i3.140

Walker, R. (2015). Peer observation for online distance learning tutors: Creating the conditions for effective peer exchange. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 18(1), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1515/eurodl-2015-0003

Downloads

Published

2025-04-23

How to Cite

Hasna, F. H., Fatimah, S., & Sari, S. Y. (2025). Online peer observation in Paragraph Writing Class: A study during covid pandemic . Teaching English As a Foreign Language Journal, 4(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.12928/tefl.v4i1.1404

Issue

Section

Articles