Development and validation of teacher competency perception scale in Indonesia: The Rasch analysis

Authors

  • Suharsimi Arikunto Department of Guidance and Counseling, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  • Wahyu Nanda Eka Saputra Department of Guidance and Counseling, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  • Dewi Afra Khoirunnisa Department of Guidance and Counseling, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  • Rezki Perdani Sawai Department of Psychologist Counseling, Universitas Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12928/jprotect.v1i1.491

Keywords:

Teacher Education, Indonesian educator, Teacher quality

Abstract

Teachers have a role in building a civilization that upholds values and norms. Students are the party that the teacher focuses on to be educated. Of course, they have perceptions of teacher competence. This study aims to develop and validate a scale of perceptions of teacher competency. The instrument consists of four aspects: pedagogic, professional, personality, and social. This study uses Rasch analysis to test the construct validity of the teacher's competency perception scale. The construct validity test involved 400 students. Data analysis using WINSTEPS Rasch Software provides information about respondents' quality and instruments, easy and difficult items for respondents to agree on, fit order items, and unidimensionality. The results of the application of Rasch analysis showed that the teacher's competency perception scale is good, precise, and has item conformity with the model. The teacher competency perception scale is a reliable and valid tool to measure students' level of peace accurately. This study discusses the implications and recommendations for further research for implementing learning that optimizes the four teacher competencies.

References

Ahn, I., Chiu, M. M., & Patrick, H. (2021). Connecting teacher and student motivation: Student-perceived teacher need-supportive practices and student need satisfaction. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 64(1), 101950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101950

Andrich, D., & Marais, I. (2019). A course in Rasch measurement theory: Measuring in the educational, social and health sciences. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7496-8

Asmarani, A., Sukarno, S., & El Widdah, M. (2021). The relationship of professional competence with teacher work productivity in Madrasah Aliyah. Nidhomul Haq: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(2), 220–235.

Bayne, H. B., & Hankey, M. S. (2020). Development and Rasch analysis of the empathic counselor response scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 53(3), 182–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2019.1691462

Blömeke, S., Jentsch, A., Ross, N., Kaiser, G., & König, J. (2022). Opening up the black box: Teacher competence, instructional quality, and students’ learning progress. Learning and Instruction, 79, 101600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101600

Bond, T. G., & Fox, C. M. (2013). Applying the Rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences. Psychology Press.

Boone, W. J. (2016). Rasch analysis for instrument development: Why, when, and how? CBE-Life Sciences Education, 15(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-04-0148

Catano, V. M., & Harvey, S. (2011). Student perception of teaching effectiveness: Development and validation of the Evaluation of Teaching Competencies Scale (ETCS). Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 36(6), 701–717. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2010.484879

Chen, Y.-C., Hand, B., & Norton-Meier, L. (2017). Teacher Roles of Questioning in Early Elementary Science Classrooms: A Framework Promoting Student Cognitive Complexities in Argumentation. Research in Science Education, 47(2), 373–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-015-9506-6

Curran, T., & Standage, M. (2017). Psychological needs and the quality of student engagement in physical education: Teachers as key facilitators. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 36(3), 262–276. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2017-0065

Dubovicki, S., & Nemet, M. (2015). Self-assessment of the social competence of teacher education students. The New Educational Review, 42(4), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2015.42.4.19

Efendi, S. (2021). Lecturer’s Pedagogic Competence in Developing Student Learning at the National University. Jurnal Mantik, 5(2), 701–706. https://doi.org/10.35335/mantik

Ernawati, A. (2013). The Role of Teachers’ Professional Competence in Implementing School Based Management: Study Analisys at Secondary School in Parepare City of South Sulawesi Province- Indonesia. 2(3), 143–148. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v2i3.2577

Gess-Newsome, J., Taylor, J. A., Carlson, J., Gardner, A. L., Wilson, C. D., & Stuhlsatz, M. A. (2019). Teacher pedagogical content knowledge, practice, and student achievement. International Journal of Science Education, 41(7), 944–963. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2016.1265158

Himawan, M. S. P. K. K. (2016). The development of Indonesian teacher competence questionnaire. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 5(2), 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.v5i2.5134

Hornstra, L., Mansfield, C., van der Veen, I., Peetsma, T., & Volman, M. (2015). Motivational teacher strategies: The role of beliefs and contextual factors. Learning Environments Research, 18(3), 363–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-015-9189-y

Jennings, P. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). The prosocial classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 79(1), 491–525. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308325693

Kalin, J., Peklaj, C., Pečjak, S., Puklek Levpušček, M., & Valenčič Zuljan, M. (2017). Elementary and Secondary School Students’ Perceptions of Teachers’ Classroom Management Competencies. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 7(4), 37–62. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.363

Kim, L. E., Dar-Nimrod, I., & MacCann, C. (2018). Teacher personality and teacher effectiveness in secondary school: Personality predicts teacher support and student self-efficacy but not academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(3), 309. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000217

Kunter, M., Kleickmann, T., Klusmann, U., & Richter, D. (2013). The development of teachers’ professional competence. In M. Kunter, J. Baumert, W. Blum, U. Klusmann, S. Krauss, & M. Neubrand (Eds.), Cognitive Activation in the Mathematics Classroom and Professional Competence of Teachers. Mathematics Teacher Education (Vol. 8, pp. 63–77). Boston, MA: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5149-5_4

Kunter, M., Klusmann, U., Baumert, J., Richter, D., Voss, T., & Hachfeld, A. (2013). Professional competence of teachers: Effects on instructional quality and student development. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), 805–820. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032583

Le, H., Janssen, J., & Wubbels, T. (2018). Collaborative learning practices: Teacher and student perceived obstacles to effective student collaboration. Cambridge Journal of Education, 48(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2016.1259389

Liu, R., & Chiang, Y.-L. (2019). Who is more motivated to learn? The roles of family background and teacher-student interaction in motivating student learning. The Journal of Chinese Sociology, 6(6), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40711-019-0095-z

Madhavaram, S., & Laverie, D. A. (2010). Developing Pedagogical Competence: Issues and Implications for Marketing Education. Journal of Marketing Education, 32(2), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475309360162

Mâţă, L., Cmeciu, D., & Ghiaţău, R. M. (2013). A Reference Framework of Pedagogical Competences of Language Teachers in the Initial Training Programmes. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93(0), 648–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.255

Miller, A. D., Ramirez, E. M., & Murdock, T. B. (2017). The influence of teachers’ self-efficacy on perceptions: Perceived teacher competence and respect and student effort and achievement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 64, 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.02.008

Murkatik, K., Harapan, E., & Wardiah, D. (2020). The influence of professional and pedagogic competence on teacher’s performance. Journal of Social Work and Science Education, 1(1), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v1i1.10

Nisa, W., & Saleh, M. (2020). The contribution of professional competence through the work discipline and performance to teacher work productivity in public elementary school of Tabunganen Subdistrict, Barito Kuala. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 3(2), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.03.02.06

Pennington, C. G., & Sinelnikov, O. A. (2018). Using Sport Education to Promote Social Development in Physical Education: Column Editor: K. Andrew R. Richards. Strategies, 31(6), 50–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/08924562.2018.1516447

Rusilowati, U., & Wahyudi, W. (2020). The significance of educator certification in developing pedagogy, personality, social and professional competencies. 2nd Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2019), 446–451. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200225.095

Sarwono, A. Y., Murtono, M., & Widianto, E. (2020). The Teacher’s Role in Developing Student Social Attitudes. International Journal of Elementary Education, 4(3), 384. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v4i3.28684

Schaub-de Jong, M. A., Schönrock-Adema, J., Dekker, H., Verkerk, M., & Cohen-Schotanus, J. (2011). Development of a student rating scale to evaluate teachers’ competencies for facilitating reflective learning: Evaluating competencies to facilitate reflective learning. Medical Education, 45(2), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03774.x

Sriekaningsih, A., Sarmauli, & Yovania Karubaba, H. (2019). Teacher Personality Competency In Improving the Interest of Learning Education of Christian Religious In Class Study Xi.1 Senior High School 1 Palangka Raya. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Life, Innovation, Change and Knowledge (ICLICK 2018). Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Life, Innovation, Change and Knowledge (ICLICK 2018), Bandung, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/iclick-18.2019.86

Sukawati, N. N., Gunawan, I., Prayoga, A. G., & Wardani, A. D. (2020). Teacher personality, interpersonal relationships, performance, and professionalism in the learning process: A qualitative study. 6th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET 2020), 250–254. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201204.047

Sukenti, D., Tambak, S., & Charlina, C. (2020). Developing Indonesian language learning assessments: Strengthening the personal competence and Islamic psychosocial of teachers. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 9(4), 1079~1087. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i4.20677

Sumintono, B., & Widhiarso, W. (2015). Aplikasi Pemodelan RASCH Pada Assessment Pendidikan. Trim Komunikata Publishing House.

Tynjälä, P., Virtanen, A., Klemola, U., Kostiainen, E., & Rasku-Puttonen, H. (2016). Developing social competence and other generic skills in teacher education: Applying the model of integrative pedagogy. European Journal of Teacher Education, 39(3), 368–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2016.1171314

Uiterwijk-Luijk, L., Krüger, M., Zijlstra, B., & Volman, M. (2019). Teachers’ role in stimulating students’ inquiry habit of mind in primary schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 86(3), 102894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102894

Ulug, M., Ozden, M. S., & Eryilmaz, A. (2011). The effects of teachers’ attitudes on students’ personality and performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 738–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.144

ZALECH, M. (2021). Student perception of PE teachers and its effect on their participation in classes and sports: A new perspective on teacher competencies. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(2), 1106–1111. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s2139

Downloads

Published

2023-06-01

How to Cite

Arikunto, S., Saputra, W. N. E., Khoirunnisa, D. A., & Sawai, R. P. (2023). Development and validation of teacher competency perception scale in Indonesia: The Rasch analysis. Journal of Professional Teacher Education, 1(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.12928/jprotect.v1i1.491

Issue

Section

Articles