Family functioning and post-traumatic growth among disaster survivors: The mediation role of hope

Authors

  • Intan Masruroh Setiawan Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Diana Setiyawati Universitas Gadjah Mada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v22i1.835

Keywords:

posttraumatic growth, family function, hope, disaster survivors

Abstract

Post-traumatic growth enables disaster survivors to continue functioning in their post-disaster lives optimally, and enables them to be better equipped to face difficulties in the future. This research aims to test the role of hope in mediating the relationship between family functioning and post-traumatic growth in survivors of the Mount Semeru eruption disaster. The participants in this research were 180 people aged 18-60 years who were survivors of the Mount Semeru eruption disaster in 2021. The instruments used were the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory-Expanded (PTGI-X), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale IV (FACES-IV), and Adult Hope Scale (AHS). Simple mediation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results show that hope partially mediates the relationship between family functioning and post-traumatic growth in survivors of the Mount Semeru eruption disaster. It means that family functioning can influence post-traumatic growth directly and indirectly through hope as a mediator. This finding can provide input for stakeholders regarding the development of holistic interventions for disaster survivors, both at the individual level related to their hopes and at the relational level related to their family functioning.

References

Adesina, S. A., Amole, I. O., Durodola, A. O., Awotunde, O. T., Olaolorun, D. A., Adeniran, A., & Odeigah, L. O. (2019). Family functioning of people living with HIV/AIDS accessing care at a Nigerian Tertiary Health Centre. Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 16(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2019/v16i230138

Ai, A. L., Tice, T. N., Whitsett, D. D., Ishisaka, T., & Chim, M. (2007). Postraumatic symptoms and growth of Kosovar war refugees: The influence of hope and cognitive coping. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(1), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760601069341

Augustine, J. (2014). Predictors of post-traumatic growth among adult tsunami survivors: The role of employment, religion, and family attributes. Journal of Social Service Research, 40(4), 491–507. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2014.894368

Beavers, R., & Hampson, R. B. (2000). The Beavers systems model of family functioning. Journal of Family Therapy, 22(2), 128–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00143

Bernstein, M., & Pfefferbaum, B. (2018). Post-traumatic growth as a response to natural disasters in children and adolescents. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20(5), 37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0900-4

Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. (2022). Data Informasi Bencana Indonesia [Indonesian disaster information data]. BNPB. https://dibi.bnpb.go.id/

Bonanno, G. A., Galea, S., Bucciarelli, A., & Vlahov, D. (2007). What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources, and life stress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(5), 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.75.5.671

BPBD Kabupaten Lumajang. (2021). Dokumen Rencana Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi Pascabencana (R3P) Erupsi Gunung Semeru [Post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction plan document (R3P) of the Semeru eruption]. Pemerintah Kabupaten Lumajang.

Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In R. M. Lerner & W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., pp. 793–828). John Wiley & Sons.

Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2006). The foundations of posttraumatic growth: An expanded framework. In L. G. Calhoun & R. G. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of post-traumatic growth: Research and practice (pp. 3–23). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Caruana, C. (2010). Picking up the pieces: Family functioning in the aftermath of natural disaster. Family Matters, 84, 79. https://aifs.gov.au/sites/default/files/fm84j_0.pdf

Colla, R., Williams, P., Oades, L. G., & Camacho-Morles, J. (2022). “A new hope” for positive psychology: A dynamic systems reconceptualization of hope theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809053

Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support-seeking and caregiving in adult romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1053-1073. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1053

Confino, D., Einav, M., & Margalit, M. (2023). Post-traumatic growth: The roles of the sense of entitlement, gratitude and hope. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 8, 453–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00102-9

Counted, V., Pargament, K. I., Bechara, A. O., Joynt, S., & Cowden, R. G. (2022). Hope and well-being in vulnerable contexts during the Covid-19 pandemic: Does religious coping matter? Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(1), 70–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1832247

Dai, L., & Wang, L. (2015). Review of family functioning. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3(12), 134–141. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2015.312014

Dell’osso, L., Lorenzi, P., Nardi, B., Carmassi, C., & Carpita, B. (2022). Post traumatic growth (PTG) in the frame of traumatic experiences. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 19(6), 390–393. https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220606

Dhillon, H., & Sasidharan, S. (2021). Psychological impact of a volcano eruption − Mount Nyiragongo. Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(3), 176. https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_27_21

Doocy, S., Gabriel, M., Collins, S., Robinson, C., & Stevenson, P. (2006). Implementing cash for work programmes in post-tsunami Aceh: Experiences and lessons learned. Disasters, 30(3), 277-296. https://10.1111/j.0361-3666.2005.00321.x

Du, X., Liang, M., Mu, W., Li, F., Li, S., Li, X., Xu, J., Wang, K., & Zhou, M. (2022). Marital satisfaction, family functioning, and children’s mental health—The effect of parental co-viewing. Children, 9(2), 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020216

Epstein, N. B., Bishop, D. S., & Levin, S. (1978). The McMaster Model of Family Functioning. Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, 4(4), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1978.tb00537.x

Ernawati, D., Mustikasari, & Panjaitan, R. U. (2020). Gambaran post-traumatic stress disorder pada korban bencana alam post erupsi Merapi satu dekade [Overview of post-traumatic stress disorder in natural disaster victims a decade after the Merapi eruption]. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa, 3(2), 101–112. e-ISSN 2621-2978

Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2015). A new look at social support: A theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(2), 113–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314544222

Feldman, D. B., Einav, M., & Margalit, M. (2018). Does family cohesion predict children’s effort? The mediating roles of sense of coherence, hope, and loneliness. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 152(5), 276–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2018.1447434

Feldman, D. B., & Snyder, C. R. (2005). Hope and the meaningful life: Theoretical and empirical associations between goal–directed thinking and life meaning. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(3), 401–421. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.24.3.401.65616

Felix, E., Afifi, T., Kia-Keating, M., Brown, L., Afifi, W., & Reyes, G. (2015). Family functioning and posttraumatic growth among parents and youth following wildfire disasters. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 85(2), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000054

Feng, Y., Zhou, X., Liu, Q., Deng, T., Qin, X., Chen, B., & Zhang, L. (2022). Symptom severity and posttraumatic growth in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: The moderating role of social support. Autism Research, 15(4), 602–613. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2673

Fussell, E., & Lowe, S. R. (2014). The impact of housing displacement on the mental health of low-income parents after Hurricane Katrina. Social Science and Medicine, 113, 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.025

Germann, J. N., Leonard, D., Stuenzi, T. J., Pop, R. B., Stewart, S. M., & Leavey, P. J. (2015). Hoping is coping: A guiding theoretical framework for promoting coping and adjustment following pediatric cancer diagnosis. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 40(9), 846–855. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsv027

Gissurardóttir, Ó. S., Hlodversdóttir, H., Thordardóttir, E. B., Pétursdóttir, G., & Hauksdóttir, A. (2019). Mental health effects following the eruption in Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland: A population-based study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 47(2), 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817751327

Gravetter, F. J., & Forzano, L. B. (2020). Research methods for the behavioral sciences (6th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Graziano, R. C., Brown, W. J., Strasshofer, D. R., Yetter, M. A., Berfield, J. B., Haven, S. E., & Bruce, S. E. (2023). Posttraumatic stress symptoms, post-traumatic growth, and personality factors: A network analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 338, 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAD.2023.06.011

Hackbarth, M., Pavkov, T., Wetchler, J., & Flannery, M. (2012). Natural disasters: An assessment of family resiliency following Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38(2), 340–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00227.x

Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.

Helgeson, V. S., Reynolds, K. A., & Tomich, P. L. (2006). A meta-analytic review of benefit finding and growth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(5), 797–816. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.797

Henson, C., Truchot, D., & Canevello, A. (2021). What promotes post traumatic growth? A systematic review. European Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2020.100195

Hullmann, S. E., Fedele, D. A., Molzon, E. S., Mayes, S., & Mullins, L. L. (2014). Posttraumatic growth and hope in parents of children with cancer. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 32(6), 696–707. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2014.955241

Joseph, S. (2012). What doesn’t kill us: The new psychology of post-traumatic growth.

Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. (2006). Growth following adversity: Theoretical perspectives and implications for clinical practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(8), 1041–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.12.006

Kadri, A., Gracey, F., & Leddy, A. (2022). What factors are associated with posttraumatic growth in older adults? A systematic review. Clinical Gerontologist, 48(1), 4-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2022.2034200

Karanci, A. N., Işikli, S., Aker, A. T., Gül, E. I., Erkan, B. B., Özkol, H., & Güzel, H. Y. (2012). Personality, posttraumatic stress and trauma type: Factors contributing to posttraumatic growth and its domains in a Turkish community sample. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.17303

Kaye-Tzadok, A., & Icekson, T. (2022). A phenomenological exploration of work-related post-traumatic growth among high-functioning adults maltreated as children. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1048295

Khatimah, K. (2022). Role of family hardiness as moderator and family functioning as mediator in traumatic exposure and posttraumatic growth relationships in survivor of earthquake and liquefaction in PASIGALA (Tesis, Universitas Indonesia). Repositori Universitas Indonesia. https://lib.ui.ac.id/detail?id=20507596&lokasi=lokal

Knauer, K., Bach, A., Schäffeler, N., Stengel, A., & Graf, J. (2022). Personality traits and coping strategies relevant to posttraumatic growth in patients with cancer and survivors: A systematic literature review. Current Oncology, 29(12), 9593–9612. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29120754

Kokai, M., Fujii, S., Shinfuku, N., & Edwards, G. (2004). Natural disaster and mental health in Asia. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 58(2), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2003.01203.x

Kyutoku, Y., Dan, I., Yamashina, M., Komiyama, R., & Liegey-Dougall, A. J. (2021). Trajectories of posttraumatic growth and their associations with quality of life after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 34(3), 512–525. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22628

Laslo-Roth, R., George-Levi, S., & Margalit, M. (2022). Social participation and post-traumatic growth: The serial mediation of hope, social support, and reappraisal. Journal of Community Psychology, 50(1), 47–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22490

Lei, X., & Kantor, J. (2021). Social support and family functioning in Chinese families of children with autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073504

Li, Y., Ying, J., Zhang, X., Li, H., Ma, D., Zhao, Y., & Sun, J. (2021). Coping strategies mediate the association between family functioning and posttraumatic growth in family caregivers of people with dementia. Aging and Mental Health, 25(9), 1684–1691. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1786800

Lindgaard, C. V., Iglebaek, T., & Jensen, T. K. (2009). Changes in family functioning in the aftermath of a natural disaster: The 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 14(2), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020802537138

Liu, S. R., Kia-Keating, M., and Modir, S. (2017). Hope and adjustment to college in the context of collective trauma. Journal of American College Health, 65(5), 323–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2017.1312412

Luu, T. T. (2022). Family support and posttraumatic growth among tourism workers during the COVID-19 shutdown: The role of positive stress mindset. Tourism Management, 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104399

Malhotra, M., & Chebiyan, S. (2016). Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes following adversity-An overview. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 6(3), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijpbs.20160603.03

Mancini, A. D. (2019). When acute adversity improves psychological health: A social-contextual framework. Psychological Review, 126(4), 486–505. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000144

Mattson, E., James, L., & Engdahl, B. (2018). Personality factors and their impact on PTSD and post-traumatic growth is mediated by coping style among OIF/OEF veterans. Military Medicine, 183(9-10), E475–E480. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usx201

Nagamatsu, S., & Betterncourt, S. (2012). Livelihood and Job Creation. Learning from Megadisasters: Knowledge Notes, Cluster 4: Recovery Planning. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283723249_Livelihood_and_Job_Creation#fullTextFileContent

Ning, J., Tang, X., Shi, H., Yao, D., Zhao, Z., & Li, J. (2023). Social support and posttraumatic growth: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 320, 117-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.114

Novrianto, R., & Menaldi, A. (2022). The Adult Hope Scale (AHS) in Indonesian population: Factorial structure and psychometric properties. Jurnal Psikologi, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.24014/jp.v14i2.18273

Olson, D. H., Russell, C. S., & Sprenkle, D. H. (1989). Circumplex model: Systemic assessment and treatment of families. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315804132

Olson, D. H. (2000). Circumplex model of marital and family systems. Journal of Family Therapy, 22(2), 144–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00144

Olson, D. H., Waldvogel, L., & Schlieff, M. (2019). Circumplex model of marital and family systems: An update. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 11(2), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12331

Owens, G. P. (2016). Predictors of posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress symptom severity in undergraduates reporting potentially traumatic events. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(10), 1064–1076. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22309

Pan, Y., Yang, Z., Han, X., & Qi, S. (2021). Family functioning and mental health among secondary vocational students during the COVID-19 epidemic: A moderated mediation model. Personality and Individual Differences, 171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110490

Peng, S., Peng, R., Lei, H., & Liu, W. (2023). Family functioning and problematic behavior among secondary vocational school students: The mediating role of hope and the moderating role of perceived social support. Personality and Individual Differences, 207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112156

Peters, J., Bellet, B. W., Jones, P. J., Wu, G. W. Y., Wang, L., & McNally, R. J. (2021). Posttraumatic stress or posttraumatic growth? Using network analysis to explore the relationships between coping styles and trauma outcomes. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102359

Pujadas Botey, A., & Kulig, J. C. (2014). Family functioning following wildfires: Recovering from the 2011 Slave Lake Fires. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(8), 1471–1483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9802-6

Putri, A. D. S. (2023). Peran mediasi meaning-making dalam hubungan antara pengungkapan pengalaman traumatis dengan post-traumatic growth pada penyintas COVID-19 [The mediating role of meaning-making in the relationship between traumatic experience disclosure and post-traumatic growth in COVID-19 survivors]. (Tesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada). Repositori Universitas Gadjah Mada. https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/222537

Qin, X., Feng, Y., Qu, F., Luo, Y., Chen, B., Chen, M., Zou, Y., & Zhang, L. (2021). Posttraumatic growth among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in China and its relationship to family function and mental resilience: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 57, 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.10.026

Rahmaningsih, N. D. (2019). Meningkatkan posttraumatic growth pada korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga melalui brief empathic love therapy [Enhancing post-traumatic growth in domestic violence survivors through brief empathic love therapy] (Tesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada). Repositori Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2001). Adapting to cancer: The importance of hope and purpose. In A. Baum & B. L. Andersen (Eds.), Psychosocial interventions for cancer (pp.15–36). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10402-002

Shorey, H. S., Little, T. D., Snyder, C. R., Kluck, B., & Robitschek, C. (2007). Hope and personal growth initiative: A comparison of positive, future-oriented constructs. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(7), 1917–1926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.06.011

Shorey, H. S., Snyder, C. R., Yang, X., & Lewin, M. R. (2003). The role of hope as a mediator in recollected parenting, adult attachment, and mental health. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22(6), 685–715. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.22.6.685.22938

Siqveland, J., Nygaard, E., Hussain, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & Heir, T. (2015). Posttraumatic growth, depression and posttraumatic stress in relation to quality of life in tsunami survivors: A longitudinal study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 13, Article 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-014-0202-4

Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249–275. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01

Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. X., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570–585.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570

Snyder, C. R., Lopez, S. J., Shorey, H. S., Rand, K. L., & Feldman, D. B. (2003). Hope theory, measurements, and applications to school psychology. School Psychology Quarterly, 18(2), 122–139. https://doi.org/10.1521/scpq.18.2.122.21854

Sobhaninia, S. (2024). The social cohesion measures contributing to resilient disaster recovery: A systematic literature review. Journal of Planning Literature, 39(4), 519-534. https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122241238196

Sun, R., Yang, X., Wu, X., & Zhou, X. (2023). Sometimes less is more: Switching influence of social support on post-traumatic growth over time after a natural disaster. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52, 218–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01668-4

Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01

Tedeschi, R. G., Cann, A., Taku, K., Senol-Durak, E., & Calhoun, L. G. (2017). The posttraumatic growth inventory: A revision integrating existential and spiritual change. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 30(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22155

Tedeschi, R.G., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Taku, K., & Calhoun, L.G. (2018). Post-traumatic growth: Theory, research, and applications. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315527451

Teixeira, R. J., & Pereira, M. G. (2013). Factors contributing to posttraumatic growth and its buffering effect in adult children of cancer patients undergoing treatment. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 31(3), 235–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2013.778932

Tingvold, L., Middelthon, A. L., Allen, J., & Hauff, E. (2012). Parents and children only? Acculturation and the influence of extended family members among Vietnamese refugees. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(2), 260–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.03.005

Uscher-Pines, L., & Student, P. (2009). Health effects of relocation following disaster: A systematic review of the literature. Disasters, 33(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01059.x

Wang, J., She, Y., Wang, M., Zhang, Y., Lin, Y., & Zhu, X. (2021). Relationships among hope, meaning in life, and post-traumatic growth in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(1), 244–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14605

Wang, R., Di, S., Sun, Y., Liu, Y., & Ma, C. (2023). Category characteristics of high school students’ sense of hope and its relationship with mental health. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1140480

Xiaoli, W., Kaminga, A. C., Dai, W., Deng, J., Wang, Z., Pan, X., & Liu, A. (2019). The prevalence of moderate-to-high posttraumatic growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 243, 408–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.023

Yeyentimalla. (2019). Revitalisasi komunikasi emosi dalam proses reintegrasi penyintas narkoba dengan keluarga [Revitalization of emotional communication in the reintegration process of drug survivors with their families] (Disertasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada). Repositori Universitas Gadjah Mada. https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/177760

Yuan, G., Park, C. L., Birkeland, S. R., Yip, P. S. Y., & Hall, B. J. (2021). A network analysis of the associations between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth among disaster-exposed Chinese young adults. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 34(4), 786–798. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22673

Zarei, S., & Fooladvand, K. (2022). Family functioning and life satisfaction among female university students during COVID-19 outbreak: The mediating role of hope and resilience. BMC Women’s Health, 22(1), 493. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-02103-3

Zhang, N., Wu, K., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., & Zhou, X. (2020). Psychological predictors of posttraumatic growth among adult survivors of Wenchuan earthquake in China. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102309

Zhou, X., & Wu, X. (2018). The mediating roles of acceptance and cognitive reappraisal in the relation between hope and post-traumatic growth among adolescents after the Ya’an earthquake. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.1017/prp.2018.14

Zhou, X., Wu, X., & Zhen, R. (2018). Self-esteem and hope mediate the relations between social support and post-traumatic stress disorder and growth in adolescents following the Ya’an earthquake. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 31(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2017.1374376

Downloads

Published

2025-02-28

How to Cite

Setiawan, I. M., & Diana Setiyawati. (2025). Family functioning and post-traumatic growth among disaster survivors: The mediation role of hope. Humanitas: Indonesian Psychological Journal, 22(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v22i1.835

Issue

Section

Articles