Self-adjustment phenomena among high school students: The role of coping strategy and parenting style
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v19i1.8Keywords:
coping strategy, high school student, parenting style, self-adjustmentAbstract
Self-adjustment is one of the social skills that individuals urgently need. Self-adjustment helps individuals build social relationships positively with others, groups, and their environment. This study aimed to explore the factors that influence self-adjustment, both internal and external factors. Participants in this study were 116 grade XI high school students in Yogyakarta selected with proportional random sampling. The instruments in this study were the self-adjustment scale, problem-focused coping scale, emotional-focused coping scale, authoritarian parenting style scale, authoritative parenting style scale, and permissive parenting style scale. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. The findings indicate highly significant relationships between coping strategies, parenting style, and self-adjustment. Afterward, the result shows that every parenting style (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parenting style) and both coping strategies (problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping) contributed to self-adjustment. For practical implications, any programs designed to promote positive self-adjustment among adolescents may focus on internal factors, such as coping strategy and parenting style as external factors.
References
Achenbach, T. M. (1995). Developmental issues in assessment, taxonomy, and diagnosis of child and adolescent psychopathology. In Developmental psychopathology, Vol. 1: Theory and methods. (pp. 57–80). John Wiley & Sons.
Ahmad, H., Irfan, A. Z., & Ahlufahmi, D. (2020). Hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan penyesuaian diri siswa (The relationship between parenting style with self-adjustment among students). Realita: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 5(1), 950–966. https://doi.org/10.33394/realita.v5i1.2899
Ahn, H. R. (2019). Perceived ethnic-racial socialization and parenting styles on Asian American college students’ depressive symptoms. [Thesis University of Maryland]. College Park.
Aldwin, C. M., & Revenson, T. A. (1987). Does coping help? A reexamination of the relation between coping and mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(2), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.2.337
Aqeel, M., Ahmed, A., Akhtar, B., Rohail, I., Ahsan, S., Zonash, R., & Salim, S. (2017). Moderating role of coping styles among perception of tinnitus and psychological adjustment in Pakistani tinnitus patients. Ponte Journal, 73(4), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.21506/j.ponte.2017.4.32
Baqutayan, S. M. S., & Mai, M. M. (2012). Stress, strain and coping mechanisms: An experimental study of fresh college students. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 16(1), 19.
Baumrind, D. (1989). Rearing competent children. In W. Damon (Ed.), Child development today and tomorrow (pp. 349–378). Jossey-Bass/Wiley.
Baumrind, D. (2013). Is a pejorative view of power assertion in the socialization process justified? Review of General Psychology, 17(4), 420–427. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033480
Berger, L. M., & Mclanahan, S. S. (2015). Income, relationship quality, and parenting: associations with child development in two-parent families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(4), 996–1015. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12197
Biggs, A., Brough, P., & Drummond, S. (2017). Lazarus and Folkman’s psychological stress and coping theory. In C. L. Cooper & J. C. Quick (Ed.), The handbook of stress and health: A guide to research and practice (pp. 349–364). Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118993811.ch21
Bornstein, M. H. (2013). Parenting and child mental health: A cross-cultural perspective. World Psychiatry, 12(3), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20071
Carey, W. B. (1998). Temperament and behavior problems in the classroom. School Psychology Review, 27(4), 522–533. https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.1998.12085935
Carroll, L. (2020). Problem-Focused Coping. In Gellman M.D. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine (pp. 1747–1748). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1171
Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. (2010). Personality and coping. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679–704. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
Chao, R., & Tseng, V. (2002). Parenting of Asians. In M.H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Social conditions and applied parenting, Vol. 4, (pp. 59–93). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Cho, D., Park, C. L., & Blank, T. O. (2013). Emotional approach coping: Gender differences on psychological adjustment in young to middle-aged cancer survivors. Psychology & Health, 28(8), 874–894. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2012.762979
Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: Problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin 127(1), 87–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.87
Corbin, W. R., Farmer, N. M., & Nolen-Hoekesma, S. (2013). Relations among stress, coping strategies, coping motives, alcohol consumption and related problems: A mediated moderation model. Addictive Behaviors, 38(4), 1912–1919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.12.005
Dennison, L., Moss-Morris, R., & Chalder, T. (2009). A review of psychological correlates of adjustment in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(2), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2008.12.001
Dwairy, Marwan, Fayad, M., & Benyaqoub, N. (2013). Parenting profiles versus parenting factors and adolescents’ psychological disorders. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 3(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v3n2p1
Dwairy, M., Achoui, M., Abouserie, R., & Farah, A. (2006). Parenting styles, individuation, and mental health of arab adolescents: A third cross-regional research study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(3), 262–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106286924
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
Hager, A. D., & Runtz, M. G. (2012). Physical and psychological maltreatment in childhood and later health problems in women: An exploratory investigation of the roles of perceived stress and coping strategies. Child Abuse and Neglect, 36(5), 393–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.02.002
Hidayah, R. (2021). Students’ self-adjustment, self-control, and morality. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 12(1), 174–193.
Hurlock, E. B. (1978). Child growth and development. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
Kim, H., & Chung, R. H. G. (2003). Relationship of recalled parenting style to self-perception in Korean American college students. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Research and Theory on Human Development, 164(4), 481–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320309597891
Kuczynski, L. (2002). Handbook of dynamics in parent-child relations. Sage Publications.
Ladd, G. W., & Parke, R. D. (2021). Themes and theories revisited: Perspectives on processes in family–peer relationships. Children, 8(6), 507–532. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8060507
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. Springer Publication.
Lenz, S. (2010). Exploring college students’ perception of the effectiveness of their coping styles for dealing with stress. LOGOS: A Journal of Undergraduate Research, 3, 68–82.
McCabe, M. P., McKern, S., & McDonald, E. (2004). Coping and psychological adjustment among people with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56(3), 355–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00132-6
McKinney, C., Milone, M. C., & Renk, K. (2011). Parenting and late adolescent emotional adjustment: Mediating effects of discipline and gender. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 42(4), 463–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-011-0229-2
McKinney, C., Morse, M., & Pastuszak, J. (2014). Effective and ineffective parenting: Associations with psychological adjustment in emerging adults. Journal of Family Issues, 37(9), 1203–1225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X14537480
Mehrinejad, S. A., Rajabimoghadam, S., & Tarsafi, M. (2015). The relationship between parenting styles and creativity and the predictability of creativity by parenting styles. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 205, 56–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.09.014
Moritsugu, J., Vera, E. M., Jacobs, J. H., & Kennedy, M. (2016). Psychology of adjustment: The search for meaningful balance. SAGE Publications.
Mudhovozi, P. (2012). Social and academic adjustment of first-year university students. Journal of Social Science, 33(2), 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2012.11893103
Noor, R., Gul, S., Khan, E. A., Shahzad, N., & Aqeel, M. (2016). The impact of coping strategies on psychological adjustment across male and female spinal cord injured patients. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci, 6(2S), 137–143.
Okanli, A., Tanriverdi, D., Ipek Coban, G., & Asi Karakaş, S. (2016). The relationship between psychosocial adjustment and coping strategies among patients with multiple sclerosis in Turkey. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 23(2), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390316680027
Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (1997). Supportive parenting, ecological context, and children’s adjustment: A seven-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 68(5), 908–923. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01970.x
Pilarinos, V., & Solomon, C. R. (2017). Parenting styles and adjustment in gifted children. Gifted Child Quarterly, 61(1), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0016986216675351
Rahat, E., & İlhan, T. (2016). Coping styles, social support, relational self- construal, and resilience in predicting students’ adjustment to university life. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 16(1), 187–208. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2016.1.0058
Russell, A. (1997). Individual and family factors contributing to mothers’ and fathers’ positive parenting. Journal of Behavioral Development, 21(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/016502597385018
Ryan, A. M., & Shim, S. S. (2008). An exploration of young adolescents’ social achievement goals and social adjustment in middle school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100(3), 672–687. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.100.3.672
Scharf, M., Wiseman, H., & Farah, F. (2011). Parent–adolescent relationships and social adjustment: The case of a collectivistic culture. International Journal of Psychology, 46(3), 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2010.528424
Schneiders, A. A. (1964). Personal adjusment and mental health. Holt Rinehart and Windston.
Semaraputri, S., & Rustika, I. M. (2018). Peran problem focused coping dan konsep diri terhadap penyesuaian diri pada remaja akhir yang menjadi pengurus organisasi kemahasiswaan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana (The role of problem focused coping and self-concept on self-adjustment among late adolescents who become administrator of student organization in Faculty of Medicine Univeritas Udayana). Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 5(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.24843/JPU.2018.v05.i01.p04
Skinner, E. A., Edge, K., Altman, J., & Sherwood, H. (2003). Searching for the structure of coping: A review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping. Psychological Bulletin, 129(2), 216–269. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.216
Smetana, J. G. (2010). Adolescents, families, and social development: How teens construct their worlds. John Wiley & Sons.
Smith, L. E., Seltzer, M. M., Tager-Flusberg, H., Greenberg, J. S., & Carter, A. S. (2007). A comparative analysis of well-being and coping among mothers of toddlers and mothers of adolescents with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(5), 876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0461-6
Steinberg, L., Mounts, N. S., Lamborn, S. D., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment across varied ecological niches. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1(1), 19-36.
Stephenson, E., & DeLongis, A. (2020). Coping strategies. In K. Sweeny., M. L. Ronnins., L. M. Coohen. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology (pp. 55–60). Willey Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119057840.ch50
Turashvili, T., & Turashvili, M. (2015). Structural equation model of psychological well-being, a georgian exploration. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 190, 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.908
Turner, E. A., Chandler, M., & Heffer, R. W. (2009). The influence of parenting styles, achievement motivation, and self-efficacy on academic performance in college students. Journal of College Student Development, 50(3), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0073
Varma, P., Cheaskul, U., & Poonpol, P. (2018). The influence of parenting styles on academic adjustment and psychological well-being among Thai university students mediated by internet addiction and self-regulation: A path model. Journal for Leadership and Instruction, 17(2), 13–24.
Wang, D., & Fletcher, A. C. (2016). Parenting style and peer trust in relation to school adjustment in middle childhood. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(3), 988–998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0264-x
Wang, H. (2014). The relationship between parenting styles and academic and behavioral adjustment among urban Chinese adolescents. Chinese Sociological Review, 46(4), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA2162-0555460402
Wardani, C. D. M., & Setyawan, I. (2020). Hubungan antara persepsi terhadap keberfungsian keluarga dengan penyesuaian diri pada remaja di SMA Negeri 1 Batang. (The relationship between perception of family functioning and self-adjustment among adolescents in SMA Negeri 1 Batang). Jurnal EMPATI, 10(2), 142–154.
Wischerth, G. A., Mulvaney, M. K., Brackett, M. A., & Perkins, D. (2016). The adverse influence of permissive parenting on personal growth and the mediating role of emotional intelligence. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 177(5), 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2016.1224223
Zakeri, H., & Karimpour, M. (2011). Parenting styles and self-esteem. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 758–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.302
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Alif Muarifah, Dian Ari Widyastuti, Intan Hashimah Mohd Hashim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
