Impact of emotional intelligence and perceived self-efficacy on the implementation of community policing practice

Authors

  • Okoka Happiness University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa
  • Kheswa J. G Department of Psychology, University of Fort Hare, Dikeni
  • Vakpa Iliya Department of Psychology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v22i1.1000

Keywords:

Emotional, Intelligence, Self-Efficacy, Community, Policing, Practice, Police officer

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the association between emotional intelligence, perceived self-efficacy (PSE) and implementation of community policing practice among police officers in the Nigeria Police Force. This study involved 107 police officers as participants who were selected through purposive random sampling. Data were collected using emotional intelligence, perceived self-efficacy (PSE) and implementation of community policing practice scales. Data were analysed using a regression analysis and partial correlation technique to test the Hypotheses. The study found weak, counterintuitive negative correlations between both emotional intelligence and perceived self-efficacy and community policing implementation in Nigerian police. Emotional intelligence positively associates with implementation, but perceived self-efficacy does not, demanding further context-specific qualitative and longitudinal research to understand these dynamics and improve policing strategies. The study highlights the importance of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy for successful community policing practice among police officers in Nigeria. The results imply how the Nigeria Police Force can enhance the officers’ implementation of the community policing practice by managing their self-efficacy and increasing emotional intelligence.

References

Anfajaya, M. A., & Rahayu, A. (2020). The role of self-efficacy in organizational citizenship behavior. Proceedings of the 5th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2019), 108–111. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200120.024

Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 248–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L

Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1

Bar-On, R. (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integral part of positive psychology. South African Journal of Psychology, 40(1), 54–62. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/008124631004000106

Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods. Oxford University Press.

Chan, X. W., Kalliath, T., Brough, P., O’Driscoll, M., Siu, O. L., & Timms, C. (2017). Self-efficacy and work engagement: Test of a chain model. International Journal of Manpower, 38(6), 819–834. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-11-2015-0189

Chong, Y. K., & Zainal, S. R. M. (2024). Employee agility’s moderating role on the link between employee vitality, digital literacy and transformational leadership with job performance: an empirical study. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2337447

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587

Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage Publications.

Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books.

Krejcie, R. V, & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308

Lucas, T., Alexander, S., Firestone, I. J., & Baltes, B. B. (2006). Self‐efficacy and independence from social influence: Discovery of an efficacy–difficulty effect. Social Influence, 1(1), 58–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510500291662

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. J. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications (pp. 3–31). Basic Books.

McDonald, T., & Siegall, M. (1992). The effects of technological self-efficacy and job focus on job performance, attitudes, and withdrawal behaviors. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 126(5), 465–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1992.10543380

Mwantu, E. N., Agbo, O., & Ngwama, C. (2013). The Impact of Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy on the Malleability of Job Performance and Job Involvement of Prison Personnel in Nigeria. LWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research, 10(2), 125–142.

Rosenbaum, D. P., Maskaly, J., Lawrence, D. S., Escamilla, J. H., Enciso, G., Christoff, T. E., & Posick, C. (2017). The Police-Community Interaction Survey: measuring police performance in new ways. Policing, 40(1), 112–127. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-07-2016-0119

Sarangi, S., & Vats, A. (2015). Role of emotional intelligence on employee engagement: A Study among Indian professionals. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(6), 224–233. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n6p224

Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C., & Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00001-4

Seo, M. gu, & Ilies, R. (2009). The role of self-efficacy, goal, and affect in dynamic motivational self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 109(2), 120–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.03.001

Sharmin, S., Kalam, F. A., Islam, A. T. M. F., & Aubhi, R. U. H. (2024). Impact of emotional intelligence on employee performance: A bibliometric approach. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 12(2), 243–262. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2024.122013

Skogan, W. G. (2004). Community policing: Can it work? Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

Tsai, C. L., Chaichanasakul, A., Zhao, R., Flores, L. Y., & Lopez, S. J. (2014). Development and Validation of the Strengths Self-Efficacy Scale (SSES). Journal of Career Assessment, 22(2), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072713493761

Vratskikh, I., Masa’deh, R. (Moh’dTaisir), Al-Lozi, M., & Maqableh, M. (2016). The impact of emotional intelligence on job performance via the mediating role of job satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(2), 69-91. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n2p69.

Downloads

Published

2025-02-28

How to Cite

Happiness, O., J. G, K., & Iliya, V. (2025). Impact of emotional intelligence and perceived self-efficacy on the implementation of community policing practice. Humanitas: Indonesian Psychological Journal, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v22i1.1000

Issue

Volume 22 (1) 2025

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Okoka Happiness, Kheswa J. G, Vakpa Iliya

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.