An application for paraphrasing assisted by artificial intelligence to reduce plagiarism levels in multilingual academic writing

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26555/bs.v46i2.2255

Keywords:

Languafrasa, AI-based paraphrasing, plagiarism reduction, academic writing, Indonesian language

Abstract

This research focuses on creating and evaluating the efficacy of Languafrasa aimed at decreasing plagiarism rates in student essays. Beyond lowering similarity scores, the study positions Languafrasa as an educational writing companion that helps students compare alternative expressions, preserve meaning, and practise responsible paraphrasing in Indonesian academic writing. Languafrasa is designed to incorporate AI-powered paraphrasing functionalities in Indonesian and 102 other languages. The study followed an experimental design involving 30 students who were divided into two groups. One group used conventional essay writing methods, while the other utilized the Languafrasa application. The experimental outcomes revealed a significant decrease in plagiarism levels among students using the Languafrasa application. Additionally, students in the experimental group demonstrated higher efficiency than those in the control group. Feedback from the questionnaire administered to all participants corroborated these results, with most students favoring the application over traditional writing methods. Users found Languafrasa enjoyable, user-friendly, and an effective aid in essay-writing instruction. These findings suggest that Languafrasa contributes not only to textual originality but also to students' confidence and engagement in learning how to paraphrase. The application is accessible at https://languafrasa.com.

Author Biographies

Nursaid Nursaid, Universitas Negeri Padang

Indonesian and Regional Language and Literature

Yenni Hayati, Universitas Negeri Padang

Indonesian and Regional Language and Literature

Tressyalina Tressyalina, Universitas Negeri Padang

Indonesian and Regional Language and Literature

Ella Wulandari, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Indonesian Language and Literature Education

Bima Mhd Ghaluh, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Indonesian Language and Literature Education

References

Al Braiki, B., Harous, S., Zaki, N., & Alnajjar, F. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education and assessment methods. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 9(5), 1998–2007. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.1984

Almutairi, A., Gegov, A., Adda, M., & Arabikhan, F. (2020). Conceptual artificial intelligence framework to improving English as second language. WSEAS Transactions on Advances in Engineering Education, 17, 87–91. https://doi.org/10.37394/232010.2020.17.11

Androutsopoulos, I., & Malakasiotis, P. (2010). A survey of paraphrasing and textual entailment methods. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 38, 135–187. https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.2985

Apidianaki, M. (2016). Vector-space models for PPDB paraphrase ranking in context. Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2028–2034. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d16-1215

Awasthi, S. (2019). Plagiarism and academic misconduct: A systematic review. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 39(2), 94–100. https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.39.2.13622

Babelghaith, S. D., Wajid, S., Al-Arifi, M., & Alotaibi, A. N. (2022). Exploring the attitudes of pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia towards plagiarism: Evidence from a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 14811. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214811

Baran, W., & Halvoník, D. (2021). Frameworks for backend application development (NodeJS, Laravel). Frameworks for Backend Application Development (NodeJS, Laravel). https://doi.org/10.17846/fpvai-2021-25

Bhat, K. (2023). Ultimate Tailwind CSS handbook. Orange Education Pvt Ltd, AVA. https://www.kobo.com/us/en/ebook/ultimate-tailwind-css-handbook

Chen, H., Ji, Y., & Evans, D. (2020). Pointwise paraphrase appraisal is potentially problematic. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Student Research Workshop, 150–155. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-srw.20

Cocos, A., & Callison-Burch, C. (2016). Clustering paraphrases by word sense. Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, 1463–1472. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n16-1172

Forgas, R. C., Lancaster, T., Marín, E. C., & Garma, C. T. (2023). Automatic paraphrasing tools: An unexpected consequence of addressing student plagiarism and the impact of COVID in distance education settings. Praxis Educativa, 18. https://doi.org/10.5212/praxeduc.v.18.21679.020

Cornelissen, B., Zaidman, A., Van Deursen, A., Moonen, L., & Koschke, R. (2009). A systematic survey of program comprehension through dynamic analysis. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 35(5), 684–702. https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2009.28

Curtis, G. J., Gouldthorp, B., Thomas, E. F., O’Brien, G. M., & Correia, H. M. (2013). Online academic-integrity mastery training may improve students’ awareness of, and attitudes toward, plagiarism. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 12(3), 282–289. https://doi.org/10.2304/plat.2013.12.3.282

de Maio, C., Dixon, K., & Yeo, S. (2020). Responding to student plagiarism in Western Australian universities: The disconnect between policy and academic staff. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 42(1), 102–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080x.2019.1662927

Ding, C., Draffan, E. A., & Wald, M. (2020). AI and global AAC symbol communication. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 12376, 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58796-3_8

Farahian, M., Avarzamani, F., & Rezaee, M. (2022). Plagiarism in higher education across nations: A case of language students. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 14(1), 223–239. https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-09-2020-0309

Fudge, A., Ulpen, T., Bilic, S., Picard, M., & Carter, C. (2022). Does an educative approach work? A reflective case study of how two Australian higher education Enabling programs support students and staff uphold a responsible culture of academic integrity. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 18(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-021-00099-1

Gasparyan, A. Y., Nurmashev, B., Seksenbayev, B., Trukhachev, V. I., Kostyukova, E. I., & Kitas, G. D. (2017). Plagiarism in the context of education and evolving detection strategies. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 32(8), 1220–1227. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.8.1220

Hasanah, Y. A., & Fatimah, S. (2020). Undergraduates’ ability in writing paraphrase and their perceptions of plagiarism. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on English Language and Teaching (ICOELT 2019). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200306.019

Hayati, Y., Ghaluh, B. M., Wulandari, E., Nursaid, N., Rasyid, Y., Adek, M., & Pratama, B. (2024). Development of an automated message writing tool assisted by artificial intelligence to facilitate communication between students and lecturers. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 14(2), 220–230. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2024.14.2.2043

Huang, R. (2023). Validating the paraphrasing task with the framework of AUA. Advances in Education, Humanities and Social Science Research, 4(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.56028/aehssr.4.1.103.2023

Kemendikbud. (2023). Kamus besar Bahasa Indonesia edisi kelima daring. Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia.

Khaled, F. E.-S., & Al-Tamimi, M. S. H. (2021). Plagiarism detection methods and tools: An overview. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2771–2783. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.8.30

Khurana, D., Koli, A., Khatter, K., & Singh, S. (2023). Natural language processing: State of the art, current trends and challenges. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 82(3), 3713-3744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-13428-4

Liu, X., Mou, L., Meng, F., Zhou, H., Zhou, J., & Song, S. (2020). Unsupervised paraphrasing by simulated annealing. In D. Jurafsky, J. Chai, N. Schluter, & J. Tetreault (Eds.), Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (pp. 302–312). Association for Computational Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.28

Luthfita, W., & Yanit, S. R. (2023). Digitalizing a local language dictionary: Challenges and opportunities. Lexicography, 10(1), 59-85. https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.25076

Madnani, N., & Dorr, B. J. (2010). Generating phrasal and sentential paraphrases: A survey of data-driven methods. Computational Linguistics, 36(3), 341–387. https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00002

Martinez, A. R. (2010). Natural language processing. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2(3), 352–357. https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.76

Marton, Y. (2013). Distributional phrasal paraphrase generation for statistical machine translation. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology, 4(3), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1145/2483669.2483672

Mavrinac, M., Brumini, G., Bilić-Zulle, L., & Petrovecki, M. (2010). Construction and validation of attitudes toward plagiarism questionnaire. Croatian Medical Journal, 51(3), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2010.51.195

McGrail, E., & McGrail, J. P. (2015). Exploring web-based university policy statements on plagiarism by research-intensive higher education institutions. Journal of Academic Ethics, 13(2), 167–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-015-9229-3

Michiels, P., Kessler, K., & Rogers, P. (2022). Paraphrase patterns of expert academic writers: Implications for writing development, writing pedagogy, and plagiarism policies. Literatura y Lingüística, 46, 153–189. https://doi.org/10.29344/0717621x.46.3133

Mira, A. S., & Fatimah, S. (2020). Students’ paraphrased texts and their perceptions of paraphrasing in academic writing. Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa, 14(1), 55-69. https://doi.org/10.24036/ld.v14i1.108732

Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Jalili, C., Rezaei-Zadeh, P., & Jalilian, F. (2021). Socio-cognitive determinants of plagiarism intention among Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences students: A cross-sectional study in 2018. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.83796

Nabee, S. G., Mageto, J., & Pisa, N. (2020). Investigating predictors of academic plagiarism among university students. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(12), 264–280. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.12.14

Nursaid, N., Ghaluh, B. M., Hayati, Y., Nasution, M. I., Ningsih, A. G., Wulandari, E., & Harahap, A. T. (2024). Development of FonBi application: A phonetic transcription tool assisted by artificial intelligence for Indonesian language. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 14(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2024.14.1.2023

Parikh, S., Vohra, Q., & Tiwari, M. (2020). Automated utterance generation. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 34(8), 13344–13349. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i08.7047

Patel, A., Bakhtiyari, K., & Taghavi, M. (2011). Evaluation of cheating detection methods in academic writings. Library Hi Tech, 29(4), 623–640. https://doi.org/10.1108/07378831111189732

Perera, P., & Lankathilake, M. (2023). Preparing to revolutionize education with the multi-model GenAI tool Google Gemini? A journey towards effective policy making. Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy, 7(8). https://doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2023.v07i08.001

Plachouras, V., Petroni, F., Nugent, T., & Leidner, J. L. (2018). A comparison of two paraphrase models for taxonomy augmentation. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, 2, 315–320. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-2051

Pratama, Y., Prawesti, A., & Fridolini. (2022). An analysis of students’ writing skills in paraphrasing: A case study of the 5th-semester diploma students of English Language and Culture Department of Darma Persada University. Getsempena English Education Journal, 9(1), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.46244/geej.v9i1.1711

Qian, L., Qiu, L., Zhang, W., Jiang, X., & Yu, Y. (2019). Exploring diverse expressions for paraphrase generation. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, 3173–3182. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-1313

Rathore, F. A., Fatima, N.-E., Farooq, F., & Mansoor, S. N. (2018). Combating scientific misconduct: The role of focused workshops in changing attitudes towards plagiarism. Cureus, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2698

Rossi, S. L. (2022). Revisioning paraphrasing instruction. In Academic Integrity in Canada (pp. 411–429). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83255-1_21

Siddique, A. B., Oymak, S., & Hristidis, V. (2020). Unsupervised paraphrasing via deep reinforcement learning. Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, 1800–1809. https://doi.org/10.1145/3394486.3403231

Singh, N. (2017). Level of awareness among veterinary students of GADVASU towards plagiarism: A case study. The Electronic Library, 35(5), 899–915. https://doi.org/10.1108/el-06-2016-0132

Steinke, S. (2020). Hypertext markup language. In Network Tutorial. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280876-57

Taskin, Z., & Al, U. (2019). Natural language processing applications in library and information science. Online Information Review, 43(4), 676–690. https://doi.org/10.1108/oir-07-2018-0217

Tilton, L., & Arnold, T. B. (2019). An introduction natural language processing. Recent Trends in Management and Commerce, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.46632/rmc/1/1/014

Wirfs-Brock, A., & Eich, B. (2020). JavaScript: The first 20 years. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 4(HOPL). https://doi.org/10.1145/3386327

Yağız, O. (2020). İkincil dilde akademik yazarların açımlama süreçlerinin incelenmesi. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2019.046

Yuliani, T., Kurniawati, N., & Siswayani, P. (2023). Engaging Indonesian students in “read, reread, list, compose” strategy to enhance paraphrasing skill. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 17(2), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v17i2.20438

Zafarghandi, A. M., Khoshroo, F., & Barkat, B. (2012). An investigation of Iranian EFL masters students’ perceptions of plagiarism. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.21913/ijei.v8i2.811

Additional Files

Published

2026-07-07