Feasibility of the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" as an Indonesian language teaching material in Law Study Program

Books are a component of teaching materials as learning tools. Indonesian language learning in the Law study program particularly needs textbooks whose feasibility is in accordance with the field of legal science. This study intends to contribute to the Indonesian language course textbooks in the Law study program. This study aims to describe the data on the feasibility of the content, language, and presentation of the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" (Legal Language). To achieve this aim, this study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with data sourced from the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum". The data were analyzed using an interactive analysis model. The stages of the method began with data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. FGDs with linguists and legal experts were conducted to evaluate the books. The results of this study indicate that the has a proper content/material with an average score percentage of 75%; (2) has presentation feasibility with an average score of 82%; (3) has linguistic feasibility with an average score of 75%; and (4) has graphic feasibility with an average score percentage of 80%. The textbook understudy is excellent in that it also examines the legal register. Based on the assessments of legal experts and linguistic experts, the book is feasible and categorized as good in terms of the completeness of the materials, suitability of examples, and the interrelationships between concepts.


Introduction
The industrial revolution 4.0 and the social revolution 5.0 have disrupted various fields. It includes the education sector whose disruption is driven by advances in science and technology, demographic changes, globalization, and the environment. Students in higher education mostly consist of Generation Y and Generation Z, while educators belong to Generation Y, X, and baby boomers. Each generation has a different style, motivation, and learning behavior caused by technological developments. Professional educators not only teach but are also capable of being learners and agents of change at school. Therefore, stakeholders need to make regulations and breakthroughs to develop education in this digital era. Principally, the pedagogical and andragogic approaches can be used, with modifications according to the development of technology.
The curriculum in higher education is also changing by taking into account various challenges that will arise and faced by the Indonesian people in the future. These challenges include (1) the dynamics of the global era, (2) the development of science and technology, (3) the development of communication and information technology, (4) environmental issues, (5) the development of a knowledge-based economy, (5) the rise of creative and cultural industry, (6) shifts in world economic power, (7) the influence and impact of technology and science, (8) quality, investment, and transformation in the education sector, (9) the development and change of the international political map, and (10) the development of civilization and culture of various nations (Depdikbud, 2013) . These challenges must be overcome by developing a curriculum in higher education to create a golden generation in 2045.
Responding to the challenges above, the development of Indonesian language learning as a scientific tool needs to be carried out continually in line with the development of science and technology. This is because the Indonesian language plays an important role in developing Indonesian people as a whole and its human resources. Indonesian serves as a mean to develop reasoning, thinking, and the ability to broaden one's horizons. Accordingly, it is possible to proceed with the creative process. Indonesian also serves as a subject to develop Indonesian language skills because its mastery can be a benchmark for student nationalism. This subject can develop the ability to organize ideas and concepts to produce an effective transfer of knowledge.
Indonesian language subject is listed in Law Number 12 of 2012 Article 35 Paragraph 3 and strengthened in the Decree of the Director-General of Higher Education number 84/E/KPT/2020 on guidelines for implementing compulsory subjects in the higher education curriculum. Thus, the inclusion of the Indonesian language as a subject in the university curriculum is intended as (1) a medium for learning Indonesian language skills for students; (2) a means of developing the personality of the students; and (3) a carrier of knowledge.
The teaching materials for general compulsory subjects (MKWU) are developed by Belmawa Menristekdikti, and the textbooks are one of the teaching sources in the learning process. Hence, several universities have also made their own Indonesian textbooks. However, as each study program has different characteristics, a set of Indonesian language learning materials appropriate to their field of study or special objectives is needed. aIn the law study program, the continuity between learning outcomes and teaching materials is crucial. Therefore, the Indonesian language subject in the law study program requires a supplementary book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" or "Legal Language". The book is expected to produce students with the ability to organize ideas and concepts using legal registers to transfer their knowledge effectively.
The quality of the book can be seen by conducting a critical evaluation. The existence of the textbook "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" in the law study program is very necessary, but its application feasibility in the learning process is not yet known. The feasibility analysis of the book refers to the appropriateness standards of content or material, language, presentation, and graphics based on BSNP and the book center. The benefits of books list as a means of mastering the material; facilitating students in the learning process, and guiding in teaching and learning (Sitepu, B, 2012) According to Muslich, textbooks refer to books that contain descriptions of teaching materials arranged systematically based on objectives, learning orientation, and student development. Accordingly, a textbook is one of the guidelines in learning. (Muslich, 2010). Indonesian language learning in the Law study program immensely needs a textbook whose feasibility is in accordance with the field of Law.
Based on the problems above, this study aims to describe the data on the feasibility of the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum". Theoretically, this study is crucial to evaluate the quality of the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" writing and can utilized by teachers as a reference in selecting the appropriate book.
As the basis of the study, here are some theories or opinions from experts about the feasibility of books. The Indonesian national education system is one of the national development subsystems below a supra system, namely the development of an equitable and prosperous Indonesian society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The expected educational outcomes in learning activities are outlined in a curriculum. The curriculum serves as a guide to implement the teaching and learning process. The concept of curriculum development in universities is described in the university curriculum, Indonesian language learning syllabus, and textbooks.
The embodiment of the quality and identity of the Indonesian nation is linked to the education and training system, as well as the national human resource (HR) improvement program. In the undergraduate study program, students are positioned as young adults. Hence, pedagogical and andragogic approaches are used during the learning process. In the pedagogical approach, educators are responsible for directing the material, time, and learning process while students' andragogic approach makes use of democratic, equal, commensurate, and equal treatment learning. (Knowles; M S, Swanson, 1998) Textbook developers must consider the psychological conditions of students' development and learning. Understanding the students' psychology facilitates determining the direction of book development. The result of the book evaluation may or may not be in accordance with what has been designed, both based on one aspect or as a whole.
The quality of a textbook is essential to enhance the learning process. According to BSNP and the Book Center, a textbook must align its content with teaching materials, be interesting, and be able to motivate students. Linguistic aspect of the book may stimulate the personality aspects of students.
Learning materials are arranged based on one or several learning materials developed by the study program. The development of learning materials focuses more on deepening the comprehension of the field. Further, the development of learning materials from several fields aims to enable students to learn integrated other fields. Learning materials can be in the form of textbooks, teaching modules, dictation, practical instructions, tutorial modules, reference books, monographs, and other equivalent forms of learning resources.
According to Winkel, textbooks are units of teaching and learning programs studied by students independently with limited assistance from teachers or others (self-instructional) while textbooks are used together with the guidence from teachers (Winkel, W,S, 2009).
According to Suryaman, language used in making textbooks and modules should be communicative, contain heartwarming personal greetings and simple sentences, and provide illustrations/pictures/charts(M. Suryaman, 2006). Muslich states that characteristics of textbooks consist of books containing materials selected based on learning objectives, arranged systematically, and supporting learning programs (Muslich, 2010).
Fishman said that a language community is a speech community whose members have at least one variety of goals and appropriate norms of usage. Language communities also appear as social groups with their own characteristics of words or terms used based on certain factors. (Fishman, A. Yoshua, 1972) According to Hadikusuma, Legal Indonesian refers to the Indonesian language used in the legal field, considering its function with its own characteristics. The characteristics of the Indonesian legal language lie in its terms, composition, and style, as well as its specific content. Language as a means of communication involves several requirements. These requirements include language clarity as a tool to convey messages, and communication skills in capturing and understanding messages as desired by communicators(Himan. .

Method
This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. The data source was the supplementary book "Ragam Bahasa Indonesia" or Legal Indonesian authored by Rahayu and Suryadi. The stages of the method began with data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. FGDs with linguists and legal experts were carried out to evaluate the books. The data collection technique in this research was documentation. The data obtained through documentation techniques were about feasibility, strengths, and weaknesses of the book. The validity of the data was obtained through three assessors, namely Indonesian language lecturers, legal practitioners, legal experts, and students of the Law study program. Instrument validation was in the form of interview guidelines and textbook feasibility assessment sheets.
The data analysis made use of instruments to assess the feasibility of content, language, presentation, and graphics. The data were analyzed using an interactive analysis model, comprising data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. FGDs with linguists and legal experts were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the book. An interview guide that contains various things related to the feasibility of the book was used as the instrument to obtain the survey data.
The results of filling out the validation assessment sheet were tabulated and then presented using the following formula.
The number of ideal scores = the sum of the highest score values x the number of instrument indicators Total score obtained Total ideal score

Result and Discussion
Based on the objectives of the development study being carried out, the following describes a preliminary study on the development, descriptions, and feasibility of legal language books.

Preliminary Study of Indonesian Language Teaching Materials in Law Study Program
The development of teaching materials in Indonesian courses in the Law/Legal Science Study Program is motivated by the need for special explanations related to terms in the legal sciences. It is related to the concept of language variety. Sumarsono & Partana (2002) argues that the emergence of language variations is due to the factors of language users and the way speakers use language following the goals to achieve. The realization of language as a means of social communication depends on the speaker/user and the purpose of the speaker.
The barrel of legal language should follow the grammatical rules of Indonesian in general and refuse multiple interpretations. Multiple interpretations need to be avoided to guarantee legal certainty. From the semantic aspect, a word or term in the legal field requires fulfillment of two conditions, (1) mono-semantic (only has one meaning in a particular science), and (2) well defined, easy, and clear (Said, 2012). Holmes (2001: 223) states that every speaker conveys a message to their partner, but the context greatly influences the language style. Context refers to the situation or condition when the utterance takes place. Context serves as a benchmark in determining to mean.
Accordingly, law students need to learn various legal languages to use legal terminology and registers in legal products. The feasibility of the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" is crucial in improving the quality of Indonesian language learning in the Law study program. A review of agreements is also immensly needed by students of the Faculty of Law and the general public. Every day in society, consciously or not, people always relate and use agreements in carrying out civil legal actions, such as buying and selling, leasing, debts, and the like.

Description of the Book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum"
The material for the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" is adapted to the Semester Learning Plan (RPS) of Indonesian language for the Law study program. One of the materials developed is the legal register.* The legal register has distinctive characteristics in the specificity of the terms, composition and style of language, including the composition and style of language in legal products, judges' decisions, authentic deeds, etc. The depth of the legal register material is in accordance with the diction that must be possessed by first semester law faculty students. For example, the term wanprestasi or ingkar janji/cidera janji (defaults) has the meaning 'non-fulfillment of obligations that should be carried out by a debtor (defendant). Likewise, regarding the mention of the appearers in accordance with the contents of the X congress of the Indonesian Notary Association, namely Tuan (Sir), Nyonya (Madam), and Nona (Miss), as well as wanita (women), but if the appearers want other names, for example, Ibu (Ms). and Bapak (Mr.) are also allowed.
The discourse of civil disputes as part of legal language variety also has various forms of terms whose functions have their own characteristics. The characteristics and features that mark the register of civil disputes are the variety of language used is the written variety; wearing a formal variety; and style of exposure based on convention.
A prominent feature in the legal register is the use of words originating from the Dutch language. This is because Indonesian law follows the Continental European pattern which also applies in the Netherlands.
The examples provided are legal registers that are in the book and are expected to be known by students of the law study program.

Feasibility of the book " Ragam Bahas Hukum" in Indonesian Language Learning in the Law Study Program
The results of the validator's assessment of the supplementary book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" indicate the feasibility of the book in learning Indonesian in the Legal Studies Study Program at the Higher Education level The book feasibility is measured by seven aspects, namely (1) aspects of completeness of material, aspects of material breadth, (2) aspects of material depth, (3) aspects of concept and definition accuracy, (4) aspects of conformity with the development of science and technology, (5) the aspect of material interest, (6) the aspect of encouraging to seek further information, and (7) the last aspect of the material enrichment. Based on these aspects, validators of language experts, legal practitioners, and legal experts, as well as students of the law study program stated that the textbook had the feasibility of content/material with an average score percentage of 75%; (2) has presentation feasibility with an average score of 82%. (3) for the linguistic aspects, consists of aspects of the accuracy of language rules and aspects of integration. The accuracy of the language grammar is in accordance with the grammar of the Indonesian language. From the validation of language experts and legal experts, linguistic eligibility with an average score of 75%; and (4) has graphic feasibility with an average score percentage of 80%. The following presents the results of the feasibility in graphical form. Figure 1. Graphics of the results of the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" feasibility test Content/material aspect, presentation aspect, language aspect, graphic aspect tidak layak: not feasible layak dengan predikat bagus: feasible with good predicate layak dengan predikat cukup: feasible with adequate predicate layak dengan predikat sangat baik: feasible with very good predicate he results show that the textbook understudy has advantages as a book that examines legal registers. Based on the assessments of legal experts and linguistic experts, the book is feasible in terms of the completeness of the material, the suitability of the examples, and the interrelationships between concepts. However, the graphic and layout aspects need revision.
In addition, based on the depth of the material, the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" according to legal experts and legal practitioners is Very Adequate as a reference for students in the first semester of law study programs. Aspects of concept accuracy and definitions can be observed in the references. In this book, the study of Indonesian grammar uses the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI) and Standard Indonesian Grammar. It is in line with Rustan (2016) who states that the variety of legal languages follows the grammar of the Indonesian language and does not open up opportunities for errors to occur in Indonesian. Abdullah (2013) also stated that the characteristics of legal languages are unique that distinguish them from other varieties.
The expert validator also stated that the aspect of conformity with the development of science and technology in the book was Very Adequate. This aspect can be seen in actual examples appropriate to the current era, for example, legal events that are happening in Indonesia at present, such as legal cases of defamation, online loan cases, hate speech cases, etc.
The interesting material aspect is providing a seeking for further information, and enrichment material are considered adequate for students of the Law study program because they contain various registers that are not widely known to the general public. Unique and insightful legal register information is present in typical terms, such as the oldest living parent, minutes of the deed, broken promises, etc.
The presentation aspect of the book is feasible by looking at the coherence of the thinking pattern, presentation techniques, and inter-material coherence. The suitability of the layout on the cover, and the colors need to be improved. In the revised book, the layout and colors have been improved and becomes even more attractive The use of language in the book is appropriate and in accordance with the grammar of the Indonesian language. The sentences in the paragraphs are also coherent and cohesive. The paragraph development is in accordance with the main idea and reflects a logical relationship. Example sentences and paragraphs are taken from civil law products, while the criminal register is taken from commonly used terms. This is different from the other books on legal language that have been circulating for a long time, for example, Pembinaan Bahasa Hukum  (Matanggui, 2013) , and Bahasa Indonesia Baku dalam Perundang-Undangan (Standard Indonesian in Legislations) (Rati & Muhammad, 2018) .
The results of the feasibility test for the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" refer to the process of developing Indonesian textbooks before being tested in the field. The feasibility results indicate that books, as learning materials, must be prepared based on basic competencies or learning outcomes of graduates (Annisa & Lubis, 2020) . In addition, books or teaching materials need to be developed based on a contextual approach to the needs of teachers and students to influence students' mastery of learning materials. It is closely related to learning of Indonesian in the Law study program. The introduction of scientific terms appropriate to the discipline will provide strength in mastering the materials of the Indonesian language in learning (Kardum et al., 2021;Sievert et al., 2019;Vásquez et al., 2021;Wahyuni et al., 2018). In addition, the content written in the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" can also provide literacy on issues and terms related to legal science and become close to the student environment in the law study program. The development of this textbook as a supplement in Indonesian language learning will reinforce mastering legal terms that support student competence.
The results of previous study from Russia suggested that textbooks, as an essential learning resource, are written based on the communicative method, with adequate number of texts and adequate number of exceptional practices. (Ginić & Ajdžanović, 2021) . This statement also provides a basic assumption to continue to improve the development of teaching materials according to learning needs. Even in the era of Merdeka Belajar (Independent Learning), students still need the attention of educators to develop appropriate teaching materials for students.
Furthermore, innovations and agents of change emerge, and they will lead to changes in the lifestyle of the 21st century. This change is currently being carried out by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. Presently, the Ministry of Education and Culture has launched a policy, namely Merdeka Belajar and Kampus Merdeka (Independent Campuses). This policy aims to change the mindset of stakeholders, educators, and students. It also answers to improving the quality of education in Indonesia to produce reliable and competitive human resources.
Thus, the development of the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" is an important teaching material for law students. Students can learn legal terminology and registers used in legal products. The feasibility of the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" is pivotal in improving the quality of Indonesian language learning in the Law study program. A review of agreements is also crucial for students of the Faculty of Law and the general public. At any moments in society, consciously or not, people always relate and use agreements in carrying out civil legal actions, such as buying and selling, leasing, debts, and the like.

Conclusion
The book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" has content/material feasibility with an average score percentage of 75%; has presentation feasibility with an average score of 82%; have linguistic feasibility with an average score of 75%; and has a graphic feasibility with an average score percentage of 80%. The advantage of the book "Ragam Bahasa Hukum" is that the book examines legal registers. Based on the assessments of legal experts, legal practitioners, and linguistic experts, as well as students of the law study program, the book is feasible in terms of content study, language study, and book presentation.